Showing posts with label lessons. Show all posts
Showing posts with label lessons. Show all posts

Tuesday, March 14, 2017

Learn to Start DJ'ing with Virtual DJ

Starting in 2024, I've copied all of the content from this old blog post onto my main website.  Any future updates will take place there, rather than here.  I'd recommend that you continue on the main website rather than here, unless you like the formatting of this blog post better.  Here's the link:




Thanks for visiting my blog.  This post will be part of an extensive tutorial for beginners about Virtual DJ, a software package for both windows and Macs, which is suitable for both beginning DJ’s and professional performances.  If you want to watch the videos for this series, instead of reading this blog post, the links to the six videos are near the bottom of this page.

You may wonder why I'm qualified to teach this, so I'll introduce myself.  I’m Jonathan Clark, also known online as DJ Bolivia, and I’ve been DJ’ing both as a hobby and professionally for over twenty years.  I've played shows on five different continents.  I have quite a few different video tutorials on YouTube, about everything from DJ’ing to music production to audio engineering tutorials, plus a lot of fun stuff like music videos, performances by other DJ’s, and stuff like that.  You can find an organized list of all those videos on my website at:  djbolivia.ca/videos

Let me be very up front about something right away, because a lot of “professional” DJ’s who learned to beat-mix on vinyl and CD’s can sometimes look down on DJ’ing with software on computers or mobile devices.  They might say that only amateurs would use Virtual DJ.  I understand that mindset:  I played on vinyl at clubs and at warehouse parties for about fifteen years before I even touched a pitch-controlled CD player, and even then, with some reluctance.  I felt the same reluctance before I did my first live show using Ableton Live software to perform.  But having recently started playing with Virtual DJ (just for the sake of this tutorial series), I’m seriously impressed with its capabilities.




The equipment that you use as a DJ is just a set of tools.  Ultimately, although your dance floor does appreciate the technical skills required to mix songs together seamlessly as you progress through your set, the most important part of your performance is your programming, which refers to the music that you pick.  In my experience, ninety percent of what a dance floor judges you on is your programming, and only ten percent on technical skills.  Let’s be clear here … you DO have to have good flow to your set, with no gaps between songs, no times when two songs are playing simultaneously and clashing badly, and a consistent beat as you flow from song to song.  And you need to make sure you have a consistent volume as you flow through your set.  That’s what your DJ'ing tools help you with, and it doesn’t matter if you have turntables, CD players, or DJ’ing software.  After you control those things, what’s most important is the music itself.

Don’t get me wrong - I’m not against learning the skills of beat-mixing on traditional equipment.  In fact, if you want to become a professional or even a semi-professional DJ someday, then I highly recommend that you DO eventually learn to beat-mix on CD’s player or turntables, or both.  However, I feel that most people reading this post and watching these videos are probably DJ’s who are just getting started.  If you’re in this “beginner DJ” category, you’re probably not going to be getting booked to play festivals or major clubs for a while.  You should assume that you’re going to have to devote some time at home to practicing the basics before you play your first public event.  And assume that most of the first dozen or so public performances you do might be at house parties and for friends, before you get your first booking for a public gig with an audience that paid to be at the show.  I want you to realize that if you’re going to try to become a professional DJ someday, then absolutely yes, you want to think about beat-mixing on CD players or vinyl within a year or so.  But using DJ software is a great way to get introduced to performing in front of people, and takes away some of the pressure of the technical aspects, so you can focus on learning how to read a crowd, knowing how to get through the difficult task of performing when you don’t have anyone on the dance floor yet, and dealing with people hounding you for requests in a dimly lit and noisy environment when you’re trying to cue (queue) up the next song.

Having set the scene, let me emphasize that this post and videos are for BEGINNING DJ’s.  If you already have experience as a performing DJ, and you’re comfortable with computers, be aware that you can probably figure the program out pretty quickly on your own.  The pace of this video series will be too slow for you.  I’m going to assume that the audience here is beginners, and I’m going to take my time and explain everything as clearly as I can, and try not to make any assumptions.  If you’re an experienced DJ and you want to watch these videos anyway, to make sure you’re not overlooking anything, well … I thank you for your patience.

The videos to accompany this post consist of a four-part series.  The first video is basically saying exactly what this post is explaining, so if you read through this whole post, you can probably skip the first video.  I’ll describe what I’m attempting to teach, cover an overview of what the software can do, and I’ll wrap up with a quick demonstration of installation and licensing (installation/licensing is in the video only, not in this blog post).  In video #1, I’m basically just talking to the camera.

The next three videos are more technical.  They're not transcribed into this blog post, because they rely on visuals.  In those videos, you’ll be looking at screen captures most of the time.  Here’s what I covered:

          1 – Overview, comparison with other DJ software, installation
          2 – The console, controls, and the media browser
          3 – Basic mixing, using both mouse and controllers
          4 – Going through the settings and preferences

Above and beyond that, I have links to a couple of other videos.  At the moment, there's one video where I record a full episode of my weekly radio show (Subterranean Homesick Grooves) using just a simple Numark Mixtrack controller plus the keyboard and mouse, and a second video where I get a bit more fancy and use a full-fledged professional DJ mixer, the Allen & Heath Xone 4D, with integrated soundcard and controller panels.  I may add some more Virtual DJ performance videos in the future.

If you’re just starting out with DJ’ing, I’m going to try to keep things simple, but I’m going to have to make a few assumptions in these videos and assume that you know some of the basics already.  There may be parts where you’re confused about things that I’m talking about.  If you get to any point where you’re getting confused about what I’m explaining, I want you to pause the Virtual DJ video and do some side research.  I have a bunch of other videos already online that I think will teach you just about everything you need to know.  If you’re starting totally from scratch, you may need an entire weekend to watch them all, but they’ll give you a firm foundation about what you’re getting yourself into, before you learn exactly how to use Virtual DJ.  Basically, I have five other individual videos or sets of videos that will help you learn everything else you need to know.  Here’s what they are:

First, my DJ’ing for Beginners series is a set of four videos designed for complete beginners, which covers a complete overview of the basics of the DJ industry.  This series covers dozens of topics, including all of the following:  Different types of DJ’s, different ways to perform, equipment, vinyl vs CD vs digital, basic beat-mixing & turntablism, mixers, headphones, turntables, pitch control CD players, digital performance equipment, effects machines, controllers, amplifiers, speakers, subs, monitors, compressors, equalizers, lighting, microphones, licensing, programming, set flow, DJ software, Ableton Live, working with promoters, getting booked, demo mixes, producing your own remixes and original tracks, and more.

If you’ve never used a DJ mixer before, my UnderstandingAudio Mixers & DJ Mixers video will teach you about all the different parts and capabilities of a mixer, so when you first start using a real mixer, you won’t be intimidated by the dozens of knobs and faders and other controls.  Understanding this video will give you a very good understanding of how the Virtual DJ on-screen mixer works.

I have two videos about beat-mixing.  The first video is for CD’s and the second video is for turntables.  You only need to watch the first one, since that video is the one with all the theory you’ll need to know about counting beats, understanding phrasing, and knowing how to blend two songs together smoothly.  The same principles that I explain in that video are used in mixing within Virtual DJ, although the benefit is that Virtual DJ makes it much easier to match up the beats.

If you’re starting to use Virtual DJ at home, you may be doing all of your mixing with the keyboard and mouse.  That’s cool.  However, the one drawback with a mouse is that it only has one cursor, so you can only change one thing at a time.  That’s where a controller comes in.  A controller is a separate piece of physical equipment that you attach to your computer, and the controls on your controller can change settings on the laptop.  The two best things about a controller are that it’s very hands-on, and is more physically intuitive to use than a mouse.  You can also control more than one parameter at a time, because you have two hands.  While a controller isn’t necessary to use Virtual DJ, it’ll make your life a lot easier as a DJ.  There are hundreds of different types of controllers available these days, and my Using MIDI Controllers video will help you understand your options and how your controllers work with your computer.

Finally, I have a series about Mobile DJ’ing.  That seems somewhat unrelated to learning how to use Virtual DJ, but I know that after a month or so of practicing at home, you’re going to be really eager to perform in front of other people.  Playing for friends at house parties is a good start, but you may also be able to get some paid gigs, as you start gaining confidence.  I don’t think the two videos in my Mobile DJ'ing series are critical to learning about Virtual DJ, but I think they’ll be very important for you to watch during your first month after starting to use Virtual DJ.  These videos talk about things like types of events, vehicles, licensing, insurance, costs of gear, setting prices, accounting, marketing, contracts, deposits, competition, and a more detailed run-down of gear that you may need to bring with you to shows.


Why Use Virtual DJ?

Ok, let’s start to focus on the software.  Who is Virtual DJ good for?  Well, I’ve heard a lot of people say that it’s just designed for amateur DJ’s.  Nothing could be further from the truth.  I’ve seen DJ’s do excellent performances with Virtual DJ at very large shows.  I know DJ’s who are professional turntablists and excellent at beat-mixing, who use Virtual DJ as a legitimate tool.  I’ve seen Virtual DJ being used in hundreds of performances at house parties, weddings, university events, clubs, and festivals.  Unless you’re a top tier A-list DJ getting paid tens of thousands of dollars per gig, or a highly skilled turntablist, Virtual DJ is professional enough to meet your needs quite easily.  Don’t judge it as being amateur software.  It may have been so at the start, but it’s come a long, long way in the past couple years.  It’s used by professionals, but it’s still simple to use and has a very easy learning curve.

Virtual DJ competes in a space with a couple of other well-known programs, especially Serato and Traktor.  Let me see if I can give you a good comparison about the strengths of these three programs, although all three are great programs that will cover all the basics.

Virtual DJ is a great all-around program, and perhaps the easiest for a beginning DJ to use.  If I’m talking to someone who has never touched turntables or pitch controlled CD players before, and they’re interested in DJ’ing with digital DJ software for the first time, I’ll usually recommend Virtual DJ to them, at least ninety percent of the time.  Even though it’s an all-around program, it can handle more complex tasks like integrating with traditional direct-drive turntables using time-code vinyl.

Serato is a system that’s fairly similar to Virtual DJ.  The on-screen display is slightly different, but the basics are the same.  Serato was traditionally viewed as being more of a professional DJ’ing platform, but Virtual DJ has really closed that gap.  However, a couple places where Serato might still have a slight advantage would be in the quality of in-house effects, and in ease of communications with various pre-mapped industry controllers.  Also, if you’re a music producer and want to integrate elements from Ableton Live, or integrate live performance aspects, Serato is especially flexible.

Traktor is the final package of the “Big Three” digital DJ’ing platforms.  Quite a long time ago, there was a package called Final Scratch, put out by Native Instruments in a partnership with Stanton.  That was really the first time-code vinyl experiment to merge traditional turntables with digital music.  I had a Final Scratch system in the early 2000’s, and played with it a lot.  Around 2005, Native Instruments and Stanton parted ways, and eventually Native Instruments moved forward with Traktor.  Although Traktor basically has a lot of the same capabilities as Virtual DJ and Serato, its roots were in the time-code vinyl ecosphere.  Any DJ whose main talents and intended use tend towards integration of traditional turntables with your digital DJ software will probably gravitate toward using Traktor.

I'll eventually try to produce a series of videos about Serato, and another series of videos about Traktor (plus some advanced Virtual DJ tutorials).


Purchasing Options

Virtual DJ has a huge strength that other DJ’ing software packages don’t have:  If you’re a home user, using it without external controllers, it’s free.  Completely.  Forever.  That sounds too good to be true, but as long as you’re not using the software in a professional sense (ie. paid gigs), and you’re just using a basic computer system, you qualify.

Many DJ’s will want to move past that point, sooner or later.  If you start playing at paid shows, you’re supposed to upgrade to a professional license.  Is there any way for them to prevent you from using your home version at a paid show?  No, not really, although I’m pretty convinced that even though a lot of young DJ’s are perpetually broke, you’ll soon see the value in paying for a license.

The free home version does have one restriction that will affect some DJ’s.  It won’t work with any external controller unless you pay for software licensing in one of three ways.  Do you need an external controller?  No, you can do everything with a mouse and keyboard, although a controller is more convenient.  Naturally, a lot of people will want to start using controllers eventually, so you’ll probably want to pay for a license at some point.  This becomes almost a certainty once you start playing at paid gigs.  Even though you might feel that you want to try to save money by not buying a license, I recommend that you should get a license, and also step up your game by integrating a controller, to make it easier to perform.

Let’s assume that you’ve moved past the point where you can rely on the free home-user version.  You now have three options:  (1) Buy a per-controller license;  (2) Buy a full life-time license; or (3) Buy a monthly subscription license that expires 30 days after the start of your subscription, unless you set up a credit card to do automatic monthly renewals.

If you go with a per controller license, the cost depends on what controller you want to use.  Basically, the lower the retail value of the actual controller, the cheaper it probably is to license.  The cheapest controllers are $49 to license, and the most expensive can be as much as $199 USD.  Virtual DJ recognizes and has rates for just about every known controller produced anywhere in the world today.

If you start using more than one controller, your cost may start getting pretty high.  For example, I currently have six different controllers that I want to integrate with Virtual DJ, plus a seventh that I’m considering.  Most of these are between $99 and $199 apiece.  Here’s a list:




Whoa!  That’s super expensive.  But don’t worry, Virtual DJ has a deal for you.  If the cost of the different controllers that you want to use comes to more than $299, you can buy an all-inclusive Pro license which is good for all time, and lets you use ALL controllers with the software, with no restrictions.  Therefore, $299 is the absolute maximum cost to buy a full pro license for the Virtual DJ software.  When I have the $299 full pro license, I can use all seven of the controllers that I listed above, plus any other controller available on the market.

A final option, if you don’t have enough money to pay for your controller license or a full Pro license up front, is that you can pay for a monthly pro subscription.  It runs for 30 days from the time you start it, and you can keep renewing.  This subscription costs about $19 per month in USD.  I'm in Canada, and rather than bill in USD, they bill me $27.99 per month in Canadian dollars.  You can turn it off if you don’t use the software for a few months, then turn it back on when you need to use it again.  The best thing is that Virtual DJ keeps track of how much you’ve paid in monthly subscription fees.  If you eventually reach $299, they give you a full permanent pro license.  The monthly subscription is a good way of letting you test the software for a while with no restrictions, and it’s also a good way of financing the cost of the program if you can’t afford to pay for it up front.


Content Subscriptions

The final thing that I want to talk about, before we go into a run-through of setting up and installing the software, is content licenses.  A content license is different than your software license.  The software license, which I already talked about, is related to your permission to use the software professionally or with controllers.  A content license is completely separate, and it is NOT mandatory.  It’s just convenient for DJ’s who need a lot of music for their performances.

DJ’s can sometimes need hundreds of songs every month for their shows.  It can be extremely expensive to buy all this music outright, especially since you’ll sometimes play a particular song at only one show during your entire career.  This is a really prohibitive cost for anyone considering a career as a DJ.  So certain organizations have come up with a solution, and Virtual DJ implements what’s called a “Content Unlimited Subscription Plan.”

Virtual DJ has three separate Content Unlimited Subscription Plans, as follows:


If you subscribe to one of these plans, you’re allowed to download/stream content from the Content Unlimited organization for a full month, and have access to pretty much any music in the world.  The Audio Plan has literally millions of songs available in every genre, with tons of different remixes, and everything is in appropriate quality for you to play at a gig.  Obviously, the karaoke and video plans are different types of media, but the concept is the same.

Imagine that.  Ten dollars per month and you have legal access to a global catalogue of content, with absolutely no risk of running into copyright issues for playing music at public performances!  Well, depending on what country you’re in, you may technically need an annual performer’s license for your country, just for the right to earn money at public performances.  But this Content Unlimited Subscription through Virtual DJ ensures that you’re not going to get into trouble for the specific music that you’re playing.  What a time to be alive!  I can’t emphasize what a great deal this is for DJ’s, and many DJ’s won’t appreciate the challenges that myself and other DJ's had in building our music collections twenty years ago, before the internet and digital music even existed.  I won’t go into these plans in any more detail here, but if you need a broader selection of music, you can look at the details on the Virtual DJ website.


Installing the Virtual DJ Software

I’m not going to go through the steps required to install Virtual DJ in this blog post.  You should be able to figure it out, and get things up and running on your own.  If you need help, I did demonstrate the process of downloading and installing it onto a Windows system in the Part 1 Overview video.  Basically, the steps that you need to follow are:

1.       Set up a free account when you go to the Virtual DJ website.  You’ll need this if you eventually do any software or content licensing.
2.       Download and install the software on your computer.
3.       If you’re going to play professionally or use a controller, pay for one of the three types of licenses to get you up and running (monthly subscription, permanent pro license, or per-controller license).
4.    [Optional]  Start a Content Unlimited subscription, if you want to use one.


By the way, if you DON’T have one of the three software licenses that allow you to use a controller, you can still make the controller work temporarily in a basic “demo mode.”  When you connect your controller without a license, it’ll work for ten minutes before Virtual DJ shuts it off and reminds you that you need a license.  The only way around this is to reboot the software, which obviously can’t be done in the middle of a performance.  So if you want to make sure things are working properly at a public gig, I highly recommend that you just accept the fact right now that you’re going to want to buy a license.

The information that I've talked about so far can be found in the following video, if you'd like to review it again.  But if you've read this far, you can skip this Part 1 video:



Tour of the Console/Controls, Basic Mixing, & Settings/Preferences:

All of the rest of the stuff that I want to explain can’t be done very easily in a blog post.  So at this point, if you’re set up and ready to start learning how to use the software, I’d recommend you watch the following three videos:








Ok, that pretty much summarizes things.  At this point, you should have a pretty good idea of what Virtual DJ is all about, and how to mix music with it.  The best way to get better is to practice, so if you’re trying to prepare for your first gig, I’d recommend that you try to set aside 30-60 minutes per day to play with the system at home, until you’re completely comfortable with using it.

If you want a “hot tip” on how to become a better DJ, I recommend that you record some of your practice sets, and then sit back and listen to them with a critical ear.  Were the volumes consistent from track to track?  Did you avoid any dead air between songs?  Did the mixes sound smooth when you were transitioning from one song to another?  Did the “flow” of the set (your programming of music choices) seem logical, or were you jumping rapidly back and forth between genres?  Weak programming might clear your dance floor, so pay a lot of attention to that.

If you find the time to practice for about an hour a day on average, I don’t see why a new DJ wouldn’t be ready for a small public show in less than three months.  I’ve occasionally seen someone pull off their first show in just a few weeks, in an emergency, especially if they already knew a lot about the music that people would want to hear, and can practice for several hours each day during those few weeks.

I’m going to leave you with a couple of demonstration sets that I recorded.  These were a couple different episodes of my weekly tech-house and techno radio show, Subterranean Homesick Grooves.  For the first set, SHG 351, I used just the mouse and a Numark Mixtrack controller during my performance.  For the second set, SHG 352, I used an Allen & Heath Xone 4D mixer/controller.  I also have a popular Xone 4D Tutorial Video about how to use that mixer.









And in the meantime, here are the Soundcloud links for the two mixes that I created with Virtual DJ in those two demo videos.  SHG 351 is tech/house/techno, but with an emphasis mostly on upbeat house and tech.  SHG 352 is a slightly darker and more techno-oriented mix.



You can find track listings for each of those mixes in the description on SoundCloud, and you can also see them track-by-track as you watch the two videos.




I'm Jonathan Clark, known online as DJ Bolivia.  Do you want to learn more about DJ'ing and music production?  If so, visit:



If you happen to enjoy techno tracks, most of my tracks are available as free downloads from this link:



Thanks so much for visit, and for your support!  I really appreciate the fan base that I've been able to build up over the years.

Also, if you want to visit any of my other sites, here are a few links:
    YouTube:  youtube.com/djbolivia
    SoundCloud:  soundcloud.com/djbolivia
    Blogger:  djbolivia.blogspot.com
    Main Site:  www.djbolivia.ca

Saturday, February 27, 2016

Guitar For Beginners Course

This is the outline of a course that I’ve wanted to put together for several years.  I haven’t had time to produce the videos for this yet, so it may be slightly difficult to work your way through this material without those videos to assist you.  I’m only putting this online now because I’m still working on fine-tuning the outline and content.  I’ll be filming and editing the videos in the first two weeks of December 2026, so if you’re interested in this course, check back then.  I guess some of the information might still be useful to some people before the videos are online though.  After all, I learned to play without videos or a teacher.

If you want a quick bookmark for this page, use this:    djbolivia.ca/guitar

If you find this page to be useful, please send a link to friends!  Remember, everything that I'll be teaching you here is completely free.

In this course, I'll have some assistance from a good friend of mine, Nick Chase.  Nick and I have played guitar together in a couple of bands.

 




Video 01:   “Introduction”

This course is not about DJ’ing or music production, even though most people know me for those skills.  However, I feel that music producers should know how to play an instrument.  Guitar and piano are probably the two most useful and conventional instruments.  Incidentally, I’ll be doing a piano series someday too.  In fact, I'll probably also be doing a bass guitar and a drums series too.

There are lots of other guitar courses out there, but this is designed specifically for my YouTube channel subscribers.  I’m going to take a slightly different approach than with some of the other courses that are out there (well, I think I will – I haven’t really looked at any of those courses, so I might be wrong).

For those of you who are not excited about learning music theory, don’t worry!  I’ll teach almost all of this course without teaching you any substantial theory, for the beginner section anyway.  Do I know a lot of music theory?  Yes, because I’m a classical pianist.  However, even though I can play guitar fairly comfortably (I used to play in a band), I don’t even know the notes on the guitar except for the two E strings (which are luckily, the same).  So if I can do what I can without knowing note names, I think I can teach you how to get hands-on as quickly as possible.  You will, however, need to know a fair amount of theory (which I’ll teach) once we start into the Intermediate Guitar series.

Here’s what you need to put into this:  Twenty minutes of practice per day for a month.  You will have sore fingers, there’s absolutely no way around it.  When I stop playing for several months, I also lose the callouses from the tips of my fingers, so when I start playing again, I go through the same pain that everyone else does.

When I say to do twenty minutes per day for a month, I mean that as a bare minimum to start building up some decent callouses.  If you’re serious about trying to learn that quickly, you can, but I’d recommend trying to spend as much as forty minutes per day practicing, or whatever you can handle until you’ve built up callouses on your fingers.

As a beginner player, you are not going to be able to control your fingers.  I had the same problem when I learned to play.  I also had the same problem when I learned to play piano, and learned to type.  Face it, we all have this problem when we’re learning.  All I can say is that it gets easier.  Much easier.

There are just under two dozen lessons in this series.  You can do the first seven lessons all in one sitting, because you don’t start learning to play chords until the seventh lesson.  After that, you can possibly do one lesson per day, but for many of you, I don’t think your fingers and memory will be able to handle that pace.  Practice every day, and do your best.  I’ve structured these lessons so it’s easy to come back to individual lessons several times, until you feel comfortable to move on.  I’d spread these lessons out over the course of about a month, and repeat some lessons.  If you end up working at the course every day, you can get away with taking two days per chord, and you’ll still be through the whole series in a month.

As I just mentioned, the first six videos don’t involve playing the guitar, so you can do them all in one sitting if you want.  I just separated them because you might want to come back to refer to a couple of these later, such as the lesson about tuning a guitar.

YouTube doesn’t have annotations on mobile phones, so any notes that I want to add after the videos have been produced will also be put in the text descriptions under videos.  I will also put a clickable index in each text description.  That’s basically this page.  You should bookmark this page!

Once I get to the point of starting to teach you some chords, I’ll also teach you at least two songs to accompany each new chord, to give you more practice material.  For copyright reasons, I’m not going to include those songs in the same videos that I use to teach the chords, in case any of the sample songs get blacked out in certain countries for copyright reasons.  So to find the practice songs, you’ll have to look for the links in the text descriptions accompanying the videos (or look for the links on this page).

If you’re interested in this, let’s get started.



Video 02:  “The Parts of a Guitar”

In this video, I’ll cover the parts of the guitar, including:  body, neck, bridge, frets, fretboard, strings, tuning pegs.

I’ll discuss the differences between electric and acoustic guitars.  I’ll discuss pickups, and plugging the guitar into an amplifier, if your guitar is capable of that.



Video 03:  “How to Strum”

In this video, I’ll talk about how you should strum your guitar.  I’ll also teach you two or three very basic patterns.

You’ll want to know about differences between strumming up or down, how to emphasize notes, how to varying the timing of your strumming, and so on.  But I’ll keep it simple.



Video 04:  “Tuning the Guitar”

In this video, I’ll teach you how to tune a guitar.

There are different ways to turn your guitar.  I’ll show you three common methods:  with the help of a piano, by using a guitar tuner or a tuning app, or from listening to recorded music.

I’ll also talk about how to tune from relative strings (once you have your bottom E string tuned), versus a method where you tune each string individually (this is common when tuning to a piano or a tuner).

I’ll talk very briefly about alternate tunings, and also about the difference in tuning between an open string and a string which is being pressed down, but I won’t go into depth about these things.  Just a very quick mention so you’re aware that there are things to learn about these topics.



Video 05:  “Stringing a Guitar”

In this video, we’ll teach you how to string a guitar, and demonstrate.

It may be easier for you to string your guitar if you have a string winder tool.  These are plastic and only cost a few dollars. 

It may also help if you have a set of pliers, and a wire-cutter.

There are different types of strings, and I don’t just mean electric versus acoustic.  I’ll teach you about some other differences, such as wound versus unwound strings, the thickness of strings, and how different compositions (metal) affect your playing.



Video 06:  “Simple Theory”

I said that I wasn’t going to teach you much theory, but this will be the one video that you may hate.  Don’t worry, I’ll try to keep this from getting complicated.

In music, the notes of a guitar match the letters of the alphabet, from A up to G.  After that, they repeat.  If you pick any specific note, there is often more than one place on the guitar that can produced that specific note (although never in two spots on the same string).

Two notes that have the same name are either the exact same pitch (frequency), or they are separated by an octave.  An octave means a doubling of the pitch frequency, but the two notes will sound good together.

A chord is a group of different notes.  Some notes sound good together, and some don’t.

Some chords have different “emotional feeling” to them.  I’ll explain the emotional difference between major versus minor keys, although I won’t delve into intervals in any depth.

Major chords are the default chord.  Major chords usually don’t have anything after them.  If the word “Major” does happen to get written out (usually for clarity), it is capitalized.

If a chord is minor, the fact that it’s minor must always be specified to ensure that people don’t assume a chord is major.  If a minor chord has the full word, “minor,” it is all lower case.  Sometimes a symbol is used instead.  The symbol is a lowercase letter “m.”  As an example, an E minor chord could be written out as “E minor” or “Em.”

Although a “triad” means a group of three notes, if you repeat a note, it doesn’t count as an “extra” note.  Interestingly, even though all the chords that I’m going to teach you in this series may have as many as six strings playing at once, they’re all considered to be triads.  None of them have more than three “letters” in them, even though sometimes a letter/note will be repeated in the chord.

There are other types of chords like 7th and 2nd and 6th and sustained 4th notes.  Less frequently, there are even higher numbers, like 9th and 11th and 13th notes.  These just mean that extra notes are added.  They usually sound pretty close to the major or minor chord, so I’m going to completely ignore them throughout this beginners series.  I’ll explain those when we get to the intermediate guitar series.  If you’re reading a piece of music and you see something like a E minor 7th chord, just play an E minor chord for now.  It’ll sound fairly close.  Any extra numbered notes are just for colour and complexity.

I’ll sometimes talk about how often different chords are used in music.  I’m going to be referring to one study that was done by analyzing a couple thousand modern songs in their original keys.  There have been different studies done, which have had different results depending on which songs were studied.  So while the study I’m basing my comments on may not be perfect, it’s good enough to get a rough idea of how often chords are used.  In that particular study, the chord breakdown was as follows:  G Major 59%, D Major 51%, C Major 48%, A Major 44%, E Major 32%, F Major 30%, A minor 28%, E minor 27%, B minor 19%, B Major 18%.

If I talk about the “key” of a song, it means the main chord or “root” that the song is based upon.  Each key has a few other chords that sound particularly well when paired up with the root.

Transposing simply means playing a song in a different key.  If you move the root of a song to a different key, you also have to move all the other chords within the song by the same amount.  We will not study any transposition in this beginners series.  However, you’ll undoubtedly learn to transpose before too long.  That’s because many musicians will often pick different chords to use as the root key of the song, perhaps based on the range of their vocalist, or on how hard it is to do different fingerings.

The last tricky thing is that for each Major key, there is a relative minor.  The relative minor of a key is the minor chord that works best with a major chord.  Usually, this is approximately three letters down.  For example, the relative minor of G major is E minor.  The relative minor of F major is D minor.

Between certain notes, there are “accidental notes.”  I’ll have to demonstrate this on a piano, where it’s easy to visualize because the black keys are the accidentals.  Between any two notes, the accidental might be called the “sharp” of the lower note, or the “flat” of the upper.  For example, the accidental between the D and E notes can be called either D sharp or E flat.  The accidental between the A and B notes can be called either the A sharp or B flat.  There is no accidental between B and C, nor is there an accidental between E and F.  It would take me weeks to explain that properly.  For now, just go with it.

I know, this music theory is quite confusing.  You’ll probably want to bookmark this specific video and lesson, and refer back to it repeatedly.



Video 07:  “First chord, D Major”

I find this to be one of the easiest chords.  Most common chords on guitar use three fingers.  Some of the more complicated ones use four, and a couple chords only need two fingers.  Of the ones that use three fingers, this is probably the most comfortable.  The D Major is about the second most common chord in songs.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

Are there alternate fingerings?  No, alternate fingerings are not common for this chord.

Here are links to a couple of additional videos of one-chord songs that were based on D Major.  There aren’t a lot of such songs!  It’s quite hard to base an entire song on just one chord:

Side Video:  Palace Brothers, “I Was Drunk At The Pulpit”
  Chords Used:  D

Side Video:  CCR, “Run Through The Jungle”
  Chords Used:  D




Video 08:  “Second chord, G Major”

This is the most common chord on guitar.  It is a more common key for songs than the D Major.  It is also used quite often as a backup chord in songs that are in the key of C Major or D Major.

This chord matches well with a D Major.  I promised you that I wouldn’t get into much theory, but if you want to remember a little tidbit, the G chord is the Subdominant (or Fourth) of the D major.  Or if you reverse them, the D Major is the Dominant (or Fifth) of the G Major.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

This is a pretty comfortable fingering.  Also, there are two different common fingerings, one using three fingers and one using four fingers.  In the common alternate fingering, you place the ring finger on the B string, on the third fret.  I don’t recommend either of these two chords as being better or worse than the other.

Here are links to a couple of videos that only use the D Major and the G Major chords:

Side Video:  Sublime, “What I Got”
  Chords Used:  D

Side Video:  Three Children’s Songs
  Mary Had A Little Lamb:  G, D
  Row Row Row Your Boat:  G, D (transpose from link)
  London Bridge:  G, D




Video 09:  “Third chord, E minor”

It’s time to talk about sore fingers.  Your fingers are probably really sore already!  Remember, it will get easier with practice, although it’ll probably take a full month to get to that point.  One trick is to let up your finger pressure on the chords at times, to make it easier.  I’ll demonstrate this in the video.

This is our first minor chord.  It’s also one of the easiest chords to play, since it only has two notes!

It’s only the eighth most common chord, but I want to teach you this as our third chord because it’s so easy to play, and also, because it’s the relative minor of the G Major chord that we just learned.  That means that it’s a good match for the G Major chord.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

There are alternate fingerings for this chord.  I’m teaching you to use your 2nd and 3rd fingers.  Sometimes, guitarists will use their 1st and 2nd.  I don’t recommend that.  Sometimes, guitarists will use their 3rd and 4th.  This is a bit harder, but I wouldn’t discourage it.  This would be a good way to build up some extra strength in your weaker fingers.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the D Major, G Major, and E minor chords.

Side Video:  America, “Horse With No Name”
  Chords Used:  Em, D

Side Video:  Radiohead, “High And Dry”
  Chords Used:  Em, G, D  (needs capo!)

If someone can think of another song with an Em chord, that doesn't have any other chords other than G or D, let me know.  I need to swap out "High and Dry" (which needs a capo) for a different song.  Email djbolivia@gmail.com




Video 10:  “Fourth Chord, C Major”

C Major is a popular chord.  It’s the third most popular chord on a guitar, and it’s also commonly used when playing along with people who are playing piano, since it’s the easiest chord on a piano.

C Major is the Subdominant (Fourth) of the G Major chord, and G Major is the Dominant (Fifth) of the C Major chord, so these two chords work well together as a pair.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

Show an alternate fingerings, by using the pinky on the G note of the high E string.  This is difficult for beginners.  I don’t recommend practicing this just yet, but it’s good to know.

Now we’re making progress.  By learning this fourth chord, we now have the choice of hundreds and hundreds of songs.  There are videos out there that list dozens of songs with the same four chords that we’ve examined so far.  If you want to look for some, find the RipTard channel on YouTube.

The videos that I use as demonstrations probably won’t use C Major as their root chord.  It’s more common to find songs in G Major that include the C Major as the subdominant.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Ben E King, “Stand By Me”
    Chords Used:  G, Em, C, D

  Side Video:  Green Day, “Time Of Your Life”
    Chords Used:  G, C, D, Em

Possible additional songs could be “Achy Breaky Heart” (Billy Ray Cyrus) or “Sweet Home Alabama” (Lynyrd Skynyrd).




Video 11:  “A Minor”

This is only the seventh most common chord, but it’s one of my favorites.  It’s often used after a G Major.

This is the relative minor of the C Major chord.  What’s even better is that the fingerings of these two chords are really easy to move between, because your forefinger doesn’t move and you can just swivel your middle finger and ring finger.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

There is an alternate fingering, which doesn’t use your forefinger.  This is not commonly used until you get to barre chords, so let’s stick with the conventional fingering for now.

The problem with teaching you this chord right now is that a lot of songs that include the Am also use the F Major, which I haven’t taught yet.  But there are still some well-known examples that we can practice with.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  4 Non Blondes, “What’s Up”
    Chords Used:  G, Am, C  (needs capo – explain this in video!)

Side Video:  Bob Dylan, “Knockin’ On Heaven’s Door”
    Chords Used:  G, D, Am, C

Possible additional songs could be “Shake It Off” (Taylor Swift) or “Firework” (Katy Perry).




Video 12:  “A Major”

This is our first example that lets us contrast a minor and major chord of the same letter.

This is also the first chord that will give your pinky finger a real workout.  This one can be tricky for people with larger fingers, or if you’re on a guitar with a narrow neck.

The A Major is about the fourth most commonly used chord.  I find that, like the Am, this is often used as a chord following a G Major.  It’s also used frequently in songs that are in D Major, since it is the dominant chord (Fifth) in that key.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

There is a debatably easier fingering, which uses your first three fingers instead of the last three.  However, I don’t recommend that you use the easier fingering.  You need to exercise your pinky.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Deep Blue Something, “Breakfast At Tiffany’s”
    Chords Used:  D, G, A

  Side Video:  Rolling Stones, “Dead Flowers”
    Chords Used:  D, A, G

Possible additional songs could be “Bad Moon Rising” (CCR) or “Fat Bottomed Girls” (Queen) or “Honky Tonky Women” (Rolling Stones).




Video 13:  “E Major”

This is only the fifth most common chord on guitar, but it’s the major chord that most closely relates to the standard tuning of a guitar, since the top and bottom strings of the guitar are both E strings.  This chord is the gateway to barre chords, which we’ll learn later.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

This chord has an alternate fingering, using the pinky.  Try to use this occasionally, for practice, even though you probably won’t use it when playing the normal basic E Major.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Norman Greenbaum, “Spirit In The Sky”
    Chords Used:  A, D, E

Side Video:  John Cougar, “ROCK in the USA”
    Chords Used:  E, A , D

Possible other songs could be “Authority Song” (John Cougar Mellancamp) or “What I Like About You” (Romantics).




Video 14:  “F Major”

This chords is a bit trickier than most of the other basic chords.  This may be one of the reasons that a lot of guitar songs are not in the key of F.  However, since the F chord is the subdominant (Fourth) of C Major, it still gets used fairly frequently.  The F Major chord is also common in songs with an A minor.

This is the first chord where we’re going to use one finger to cover two strings at once, by flattening your forefinger sideways instead of just pressing the string with the tip of your finger.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

Although I just showed you the common fingering for this chord, this is the most common major chord that would often be played by a barre chord instead of standard fingering.  But we’ll learn that properly when we get to barre chords.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Beatles, “Let It Be”
    Chords Used:  C, G, Am, F

  Side Video:  Blink 182, “Dammit”
    Chords Used:  C, G, A, F  (slightly odd that it uses A rather than Am)




Video 15:  “D minor”

This is not a common chord at all, as the relative minor of F Major, but it’s one that I really like because it’s comfortable to play.  It also works well following a C Major chord in some songs.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

There is no comfortable or common alternate fingering for this chord.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Counting Crows, “Mister Jones”
    Chords Used:  Am, F, Dm, G, C

  Side Video:  Bob Seger, “Still The Same”
    Chords Used:  C, Em, G, F, Dm




Video 16:  “B minor”

The B minor is the relative minor of D Major.  They actually share several of the same notes in common.

I find that this chord requires me to move my hand quite a bit from the position that I use for most other chords, but I still find it to be very comfortable.  I like it because it’s such a comfortable and casual layout of a regular hand position.  You don’t have to twist your fingers very much.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

Once again, this is a chord which will be played as a barre chord by some people, but for now, you can get a cleaner sound as a beginner by playing it with just four fingers, with each finger playing an individual note.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Pink Floyd, “Comfortably Numb”
    Chords Used:  Bm, A, G, Em, D, C

  Side Video:  Beatles, “Hard Day’s Night”
    Chords Used:  C, G, F, Bm, Em




Video 17:  “B Major”

Here’s another case of a major chord versus a minor chord.  The B Major is rarely used for the root key of a song.  However, it’s used fairly often in songs in E Major.  The fingering is very close to that for a B minor, although I find this to be more difficult to play than B minor.

This is the last of the significant chords in this series.  We’re getting close to the end!  The next video after this one introduces a new chord, but it’s exactly the same fingering as the B Major that you’re going to learn today, so it will be fairly easy.

After that, although there are a few more videos, they’re more about techniques and tools, instead of trying to learn new fingerings.  You should feel good if you’ve made it this far.  With this and the other ten chords that I’ve taught you, you can probably play about 98% of today’s popular music, in every style from rock to pop to blues to country, and other genres.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

An alternative fingering is to play this as a barre chord, which I’ve referred to several times.  Be patient:  we’ll finally get to barre chords in just a couple more lessons.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Bob Dylan, “A Hard Rain’s Gonna Fall”
    Chords Used:  E, A, B

  Side Video:  Proclaimers, “I’m Gonna Be 500 Miles”
    Chords Used:  E, A, B




Video 18:  “B flat Major”

As I mentioned in the last video, this chord is almost a perfect copy of the B Major chord.  You’re just going to slide it down a fret.

In this video, I will demonstrate the fingering.  I will play the chord.  I’ll very briefly show the equivalent on the piano. 

Again, this chord may be played as a barre chord, which we’ll finally get to in the next lesson.

Here are links to a couple of songs that only use the chords that we’ve learned so far:

  Side Video:  Ritchie Valens, “Donna”
    Chords Used:  F, Dm, Bb, C

  Side Video:  Fun, “We Are Young”
    Chords Used:  F, Dm, Bb, C





Video 19:  “The Capo”

In this video, I’ll explain how a capo works.

The main use of a capo, for most singer-songwriters, is to change the pitch to a different key that more closely fits their vocal range.

Another common use of a capo, which is often very directly related to the previous point, is to change the chords so the fingerings are easier.  This is especially useful if the guitarist is required to play in a specific key, along with another instrument that cannot readily transpose keys.  Most other instrumentalists cannot change their pitch or range as readily as a guitarist.

A third use of the capo relates to keeping the guitar in pitch.  Certain strings (especially the first unwound string on an acoustic) don’t stay in pitch well when comparing an open string versus one pressed onto a different fret.  This is complicated and I won’t explain it here, but the simple solution is to make sure that all strings are “pressed” all the time.  A capo has that effect.

The best range for a capo is the bottom three or four frets.  If you start moving it up the fretboard too high, the pitch sounds very obviously different.  That’s not necessarily a bad thing, but it’s obvious.

  Side Video:  Neil Young, “Thrasher”
    Chords:  Play chord pattern C/F/G/Am but it’s really in D (capo on 2nd fret).



Video 20:  “Barre Chords”

In this video, I’ll go into a detailed explanation of what a barre chord is, and why it’s useful.

Barre chords are also known as power chords, and are used quite heavily by a lot of heavy metal and rock guitarists, especially on electric guitars.

There are several styles of barre chords, but the most common of them emulate the E Major, E minor, and B minor chords.

Even if you have no intention of using power chords up the neck of the guitar just yet, barre chords can be useful for playing some standard chords, especially F#m (new), and the F major and B minor that we’ve already learned.

  Side Video:  Green Day, “Basket Case”
    Chords:  Eb, Bb, C, G, G#, C#



Video 21:  “Conclusion”

Practice, practice, practice.  Right now, your fingers are probably really quite sore!  Every time I stop playing guitar for a while and lose my calluses on the tips of my fingers, I find that it takes me at least thirty full days of playing at least 20 minutes per day to get my fingertips back in shape.  There’s no way to avoid this!  I’ve heard of everything from people taking painkillers before they practice, to putting crazy glue on the ends of their fingertips.  The only thing that really works is to let time pass and keep practicing.  And once you’ve built up your callouses, try to never go more than a week without at least an hour or so of practice, to keep your fingers in proper playing condition.

For a first time learner, practicing 20 minutes per day, I’d guess that even though the pain subsides after about a month, playing only starts to feel completely comfortable after about sixty days.  Be persistent.  Don’t give up!

With the dozen chords that I’ve taught you, you can play just about any song.  In fact, with just the first four chords and a capo, you can probably play 95% of modern music.  There are TONS of free guitar lessons and videos on the internet.  Lyric sheets are available for just about every song released in the past fifty years, and many have chords.

Once you get the chords down, start to learn Tablature, which is often just abbreviated as tab.  I’ll cover tablature in the intermediate guitar series.

A lot of musicians do a lot of slight variations on the main chords that I’ve taught you so far.  If you want to get a head start on moving on past what I’ve taught you, you can also start to learn a number of 7th chords, and chords with other additional variations such as 9th, 2nd, 4th, and 6th notes.

After this, I’ve also included a bonus “lesson 22” which you can look at if you want, after you’ve gotten very comfortable with basic chords.  In it, I give you some goals to practice for building your skills in picking individual notes, by teaching you some major scales.  It’ll be a lot more boring than playing along with other musicians or YouTube videos, but it will definitely help improve your skill level as a guitarist, and prepare you for the next set of intermediate lessons.



Video 22:  "A Peek at Guitar Scales - Majors"

Once you’ve mastered the first twenty lessons, and feel really comfortable with your basic chords, you might want to start learning some more advanced skills that will be useful before you move on to the intermediate series.  Picking individual notes is a skill that may take you a few months to start to feel comfortable with.

Most of the contents of this video can’t easily be explained in text form.  In this video, I’ll talk about picking strings individually, up and down.  I’ll demonstrate the technique on individual notes.

I’ll then explain a major scale.  I’ll show the easiest of the five inversions for picking a major scale.

Finally, I’ll demonstrate a picking exercise, which will include picking up and down the scale and also up and down the neck, alternating picking directions, and other skills.






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Incidentally, all the graphics used in the chord fingerings here were ones that I designed myself, since I couldn't find high-resolution graphics online that were free to use.  These are all 2160x2160 pixels.  Please feel free to use on your own sites if you keep my site logo on the graphic, OR if you link to that same web address somewhere on your own page.  Even if it's just a small link in fine print in a corner somewhere, that's all that I ask.

If you have questions for me about what I'd recommend when buying an acoustic guitar, here's a link to an excellent article that rates a huge variety of guitars, in all price ranges:
  https://www.gearank.com/guides/acoustic-guitars

Also, a note about copyright law:  It is not legal to post copyrighted lyrics on the internet.  So I'm not going to include lyrics or chords in any of my own written posts.  However, it has become common practice for people to post lyrics and content on YouTube.  There's a reason for this ... when a copyright holder discovers their content in your video, they can "monetize" it and collect revenue from views on the video.  This isn't possible with web pages.  For this reason, most copyright holders will actually permit and even encourage people to include copyrighted content in YouTube videos now (especially since certain licensing agreements that were inked with YouTube and major labels in 2014).  Since that breakthrough agreement, it is much less common for videos containing other entities' copyrighted content to be blocked from YouTube.


I'm Jonathan Clark, known online as DJ Bolivia.  Do you want to learn more about DJ'ing and music production?  If so, visit:



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Thanks so much for visit, and for your support!  I really appreciate the fan base that I've been able to build up over the years.

Also, if you want to visit any of my other sites, here are a few links:
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